袢利尿剂对终末期肾病无尿患者容量控制的疗效观察

目的为探讨袢利尿剂对终末期肾病(ESRD)维持性血液透析(MHD)无尿患者减轻容量负荷的效果。方法2016年9月至2018年8月福建省龙岩人民医院92例尿量在50~100 mL的MHD患者分成三组,对照组A(25例,不用利尿剂),实验组B(34例,使用呋塞米片60 mg/d),实验组C(33例,使用呋塞米片120 mg/d)。研究开始前三组患者基本情况:原发病、年龄、平均尿量、血压、心胸比、血浆脑型钠利尿肽(BNP)、血尿酸值等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),平均透析间期和透析时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗肾性贫血及骨病、高血压、控制饮食及水钠摄入等措施三组相同,观察治疗期为3个月,终点事件为死亡及尿量持续>500 mL/d×14 d,比较三组平均尿量、平均透析超滤量、血压控制情况、心胸比、BNP、血清尿酸等指标。结果无尿患者顽固性高血压患病率54.4%高于有尿患者27.5%(P<0.001)。120 mg/d呋塞米对无尿患者4周内的降压、12周内的利尿效果明显(P<0.05),但4周后降压、12周后利尿效果较差(P>0.05);60 mg/d呋塞米对无尿患者仅1周内的降压、8周内的利尿效果明显(P<0.05),其余时间效果较差(P>0.05)。使用呋塞米对无尿患者减低BNP有统计学意义(P<0.05),此结果独立于尿量的增加。120 mg/d呋塞米能降低心胸比例(P<0.05),但60 mg/d呋塞米则无效(P>0.05)。B组治疗后尿酸改变不明显(K=0.080,P>0.05),而C组治疗后血清尿酸有升高(K=2.739,P<0.05)。结论使用呋塞米对ESRD无尿患者能明显减轻容量负荷并因此减少心胸比、BNP等心衰指标数值,并随着剂量的增加能延长作用时间及效果。     

Predicting human inhibitory control from brain structural MRI

Brain Imaging and Behavior - The anatomical structure of the human brain varies widely, as does individual cognitive behavior. It is important and interesting to study the relationship between...     

Persistent Musculoskeletal Deficits in Pediatric,Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a common therapy for pediatric hematologic malignancies. With improved supportive care, addressing treatment-related late effects is at the forefront of survivor long-term health and quality of life. We previously demonstrated that alloHSCT survivors had increased adiposity, decreased lean mass, and lower bone density and strength, 7 years (median) from alloHSCT compared to their healthy peers. Yet it is unknown whether these deficits persist. Our longitudinal study characterized changes in muscle and bone over a period of 3.4 (range, 2.0 to 4.9) years in 47 childhood alloHSCT survivors, age 5–26 years at baseline (34% female). Tibia cortical bone geometry and volumetric density and lower leg muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) were assessed via peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Anthropometric and pQCT measurements were converted to age, sex, and ancestry-specific standard deviation scores, adjusted for leg length. Muscle-specific force was assessed as strength relative to MCSA adjusted for leg length (strength Z-score). Measurements were compared to a healthy reference cohort (n = 921), age 5–30 years (52% female). At baseline and follow-up, alloHSCT survivors demonstrated lower height Z-scores, weight Z-scores, and leg length Z-scores compared to the healthy reference cohort. Deficits in MCSA, trabecular volumetric bone density, and cortical bone size and estimated strength (section modulus) were evident in survivors (all p < 0.05). Between the two study time points, anthropometric, muscle, and bone Z-scores did not change significantly in alloHSCT survivors. Approximately 15% and 17% of alloHSCT survivors had MCSA and section modulus Z-score < −2.0, at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Furthermore, those with a history of total body irradiation compared to those without demonstrated lower MCSA at follow-up. The persistent muscle and bone deficits in pediatric alloHSCT survivors support the need for strategies to improve bone and muscle health in this at-risk population. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).     

不同TGF-β表达量的hAMSCs尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的影响

目的探讨不同转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)表达量的人羊膜间充质干细胞(hAMSCs)尾静脉移植对异种周围神经移植小鼠坐骨神经功能的恢复作用。方法从健康剖宫产产妇志愿捐献的新鲜羊膜中分离出hAMSCs,并进行纯化及鉴定。构建上调和下调TGF-β表达的慢病毒质粒,并转染纯化的hAMSCs,构建出稳定的上调或下调TGF-β表达的hAMSCs。分离并剪去C57BL/6小鼠的部分坐骨神经,将SD大鼠的坐骨神经分离剪取并移植至小鼠的坐骨神经缺损处,构建出异种周围神经移植小鼠模型。将模型小鼠按随机数字表分为对照组、未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组、高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组、低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组,每组10只。各组于造模前1 d分别经尾静脉注射磷酸盐缓冲液或相应的hAMSCs重悬液进行移植治疗。于治疗后第14天时采用DigGait步态分析系统评估各组小鼠的坐骨神经功能恢复情况。结果治疗后第14天时,高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组小鼠的坐骨神经功能指数(-25.820±0.286)明显高于低表达TGF-β的hAMSCs治疗组(-33.413±0.920)和未修饰的hAMSCs治疗组(-30.755±0.421),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高表达TGF-β的hAMSCs尾静脉移植能够更有效地改善异种周围神经移植小鼠的坐骨神经功能,其可能成为周围神经损伤治疗的新突破口。     

儿童左束支区域起搏六例临床观察

目的探讨儿童左束支区域起搏(LBBAP)的安全性及有效性.方法回顾性分析2019年1月至6月于北京安贞医院小儿心脏科住院采用LBBAP方式行永久心脏起搏器植入术的6例患儿(男1例、女5例)的临床资料、起搏心电图及参数并进行随访.组间比较采用t检验.结果6例患儿年龄9~14岁,体重26~48 kg;三度房室传导阻滞5例,右室心尖起搏术后伴心功能下降1例;1例患儿心功能降低,余5例心功能均正常;QRS波时限(95±13)ms;左心室舒张末径(LVEDD)Z值为1.85±0.65.起搏心电图V1呈右束支传导阻滞样,QRS波时限(111±20)ms,与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.610,P>0.05).起搏阈值为(0.85±0.26)V,感知(15.0±4.3)mV,阻抗(717±72)Ω.3例可记录到P电位.起搏钉至左心室激动时间为(56±5)ms,不同输出电压下数值恒定.术后超声提示电极均位于室间隔左心室心内膜下.随访无心肌穿孔、电极脱位等并发症发生,患儿术后3个月阈值、感知及阻抗分别为(0.60±0.09)V、(16.1±3.9)mV、(662±78)Ω.左心室射血分数(LVEF)降低者LBBAP术后3d恢复正常(45%比57%).术后3个月LVEDD Z值降至(1.1±0.3),较术前明显减小(t=2.383,P<0.05).结论LBBAP可实现窄QRS波起搏,接近生理性起搏,起搏参数稳定,可快速、有效地纠正长期心动过缓所致的左心扩大及长期右室心尖起搏所致的心功能低下及心脏扩大.较大年龄儿童行LBBAP近期安全性、有效性好,远期潜在风险有待进一步观察研究.     

CT-guided localization techniques of small pulmonary nodules: a prospective non-randomized controlled study on pulmonary nodule localization needle and methylene blue staining with surgical glue

BackgroundThoracoscopic resection of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is challenging. Accurate preoperative computed tomography-guided localization of SPNs is key to successful rection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical value of a novel localization needle and methylene blue staining combined with surgical glue (MBSG) and to explore the risk factors for post-localization complications.MethodsThis prospective, non-randomized controlled study was conducted on 110 patients who received either MBSG or novel needle localization prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) from January 2019 to December 2019 at Shenzhen People’s Hospital. The primary endpoints were the safety and the success rates of the 2 localization techniques. The secondary endpoints were operative time and feasibility.ResultsThe 110 patients were categorized into 2 groups: the MBSG group (n=84) and the pulmonary nodule localization needle group (n=26). The success rate of pre-VATS localization was 100% in both groups. No deaths or serious complications occurred during localization. The rates of pneumothorax, pulmonary hemorrhage, and localization-induced cough were 38.1%, 25%, and 7.14%, respectively, in the MBSG group, and 26.92%, 19.23%, and 0%, respectively, in the pulmonary nodule localization needle group. Differences between the 2 groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Total complication rate and the incidence of pain were significantly lower in the pulmonary nodule localization needle group (χ²=4.441 and 4.295, respectively; P<0.05). The difference in operative time between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Dye diffusion occurred in 2 patients in the MBSG group; however, it had no impact on VATS or on the pathological analysis. Neither displacement nor dislocation was observed in the pulmonary nodule localization needle group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the localization technique was an independent risk factor for total complications (odds ratio: 2.634, 95% confidence interval: 1.022–6.789, P<0.05).ConclusionsBoth techniques can localize SPNs effectively prior to VATS. The pulmonary nodule localization needle technique has a lower incidence of complications.     

嗓音训练联合拳击动作治疗青春期假声的疗效观察

目的观察嗓音训练配合拳击动作治疗青春期假声的临床疗效。方法收集2016年1月—2019年6月在中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉头颈科就诊的青春期假声患者21例，均为男性患者，年龄16~35岁，病程1~20年。所有患者均表现为青春变声期或变声期后说话时音调偏高或用假声，杂音明显，偶有声嘶及破音，其中19例患者喉镜下表现为声带闭合欠佳。对患者采用嗓音训练联合拳击动作的矫治治疗，根据即时效果反馈，语训1~4次不等，每次1~2 h，以上过程均由专业语训师对患者进行指导及追踪。治疗前后采用动态喉镜及嗓音分析系统记录患者的喉镜下表现及嗓音声学参数，并进行对比分析，评估治疗效果。结果21例青春期假声患者发声基频（F0）较训练前均下降明显，其中18例患者基频恢复至成年男性正常水平，嗓音障碍指数(DSI)较前明显改善，最长发音时间(MPT)较前明显延长，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）； 19例声带闭合不全的青春期假声患者经治疗后声带闭合良好。结论嗓音训练配合拳击动作治疗青春期假声效果显著，有一定的临床应用价值。